Older children and teenagers spend an average of five and a half hours a day using the computer, playing video games, or watching television, DVDs or videos. Many children do not get enough physical activity and they have a regular diet of high-calorie fast foods and sweets. All these factors, as well as genetics, psychological issues, socioeconomic background and family choices, add up to put children at risk of becoming overweight.
“Being overweight or obese can increase a child’s risk for developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, sleep problems, liver disease, eating disorders, skin infections, and early puberty or menarche,” says Eliza Trevino-Beene, M.D., pediatrician on the medical staff at Houston Northwest Medical Center. “These children also may experience low self-esteem, bullying, depression, and behavior or learning problems. Children with cardiovascular risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure, high cholesterol or diabetes, may grow up to have heart disease, heart failure and stroke as adults.”
Treating obesity is based on the child’s age and other medical conditions, if any. Changes in diet and level of physical activity are usually recommended. Medications or weight-loss surgery may be necessary in certain circumstances. Children under seven years old who do not have other health concerns typically maintain their weight while gaining height over time. Older children or those with health concerns would need to lose weight gradually and steadily, from one pound a week to one pound a month depending on the child.
“Methods to maintain or lose weight center on eating a healthy diet and increasing physical activity,” says Dr. Trevino-Beene. “Parents can help teach children how to make smart food choices by letting them pick out healthy foods to try. Children should not skip meals, especially breakfast, or be persuaded to clean their plate. They should be encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables and whole grain products.”
Dr. Trevino-Beene also advises parents to encourage their children to be physically active. Those over two years old should spend two hours or less per day in front of a screen. They should get at least one hour of moderate to vigorous physical activity on most, if not every, day of the week.
“Children can benefit from a range of activities, including aerobic training such as running, muscle-building movements like climbing trees, and bone-strengthening exercises that include jumping rope,” adds Dr. Trevino-Beene. “By incorporating healthy changes into the entire family’s daily life, children can learn healthy habits that will last a lifetime.”
Click here to learn more about pediatric services at Houston Northwest Medical Center.