Children seem to be constantly getting cuts, scrapes and bruises. Most of the time these little boo-boos can be treated at home, but there may be an occasion that requires emergency medical treatment. Here are a few tips for parents on how to handle some of life’s little ouches.

Cuts and scrapes

Clean the wound with cool water and then use soap and a washcloth to clean surrounding skin. Even though it may seem that you should use a stronger cleansing solution (such as hydrogen peroxide or an antiseptic), these things may irritate wounds. Remove any dirt in the wound with tweezers that have been cleaned with isopropyl alcohol. Apply gentle but firm pressure to stop bleeding using a clean cloth or piece of gauze. If the wound can get dirty or be rubbed by clothing, cover it with a bandage and change it daily. An antibiotic ointment may be used to help speed healing and reduce scarring, but most minor injuries heal perfectly well without it.

Call the doctor if the wound is deep, has jagged edges, or has dirt that cannot be removed. A wound that does not stop bleeding after 10 minutes of direct pressure, is on the face, or becomes inflamed also may require medical attention.

Burns

Treatment for burns depends of the severity of the injury. First-degree burns cause redness, pain and perhaps swelling, but usually heal in three to six days. Second-degree burns have blisters and pain that gradually subside over two to three weeks. Third-degree burns cause damage to all skin layers and may take a very long time to heal.

First-degree burns should be soaked in cool water and then treated with aloe vera or antibiotic ointment. A dry gauze bandage may be used to protect the affected area. Second-degree burns can be soaked in cool water for 15 minutes and then also covered with gauze. Cool, clean, wet cloths can be applied to small burns a few minutes daily. Check for signs of infection and do not scratch the skin or break any blisters.

Check with your doctor for burns larger than two to three inches in diameter and those on the face, hands, genitals, or feet. Third-degree burns require immediate medical attention.